Bài giảng địa chỉ internet IPv6 - Tài liệu, ebook, giáo trình

IPv6, viết tắt tiếng Anh: "Internet Protocol version 6", là "Giao thức liên mạng thế hệ 6", một phiên bản của giao thức liên mạng (IP) nhằm mục đích nâng cấp giao thức liên mạng phiên bản 4 (IPv4) hiện đang truyền dẫn cho hầu hết[1] lưu lượng truy cập Internet nhưng đã hết địa chỉ. IPv6 cho phép tăng lên đến 2128 địa chỉ, một sự gia tăng khổng lồ so với 232 (khoảng 4.3 tỷ) địa chỉ của IPv4.

Để đưa IPv6 vào sử dụng, hầu hết các máy chủ trên mạng Internet cũng như các mạng lưới kết nối với chúng sẽ cần phải triển khai giao thức này với một quá trình chuyển đổi khó khăn. Trong khi các nước đang tăng tốc triển khai IPv6, đặc biệt là ở khu vực Châu Á - Thái Bình Dương và một số nước Châu Âu, thì ở Châu Mỹ và Châu Phi tương đối chậm trong quá trình này. Mỗi máy tính cần ít nhất một địa chỉ IP để có thể truy cập Internet; Địa chỉ IP hiện nay đang sử dụng thuộc thế hệ 4 (IPv4) sử dụng 32 bit để mã hóa địa chỉ. Theo lý thuyết thì IPv4 chứa hơn 4 tỷ địa chỉ và có thể cấp phát hết trong năm 2011. Chính điều này thúc đẩy sự ra đời một thế hệ địa chỉ Internet mới IPv6.

IPv6 được thiết kế với hy vọng khắc phục những hạn chế vốn có của địa chỉ IPv4 như hạn chế về không gian địa chỉ, cấu trúc định tuyến và bảo mật đồng thời đem lại những đặc tính mới thỏa mãn các nhu cầu dịch vụ của thế hệ mạng mới như khả năng tự động cấu hình mà không cần hỗ trợ của máy chủ DHCP, cấu trúc định tuyến tốt hơn, hỗ trợ Multicast, hỗ trợ bảo mật và di động tốt hơn.

Hiện IPv6 đang được chuẩn hóa từng bước và đưa vào sử dụng thực tế tuy nhiên quá trình chuyển đổi hệ thống mạng từ IPv4 sang IPv6 còn gặp nhiều vấn đề từ thiết bị không đồng bộ, các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ Internet, kiến thức người sử dụng và quản lý mạng...~}²F1K§P

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