Application educational technology into elementary schools: A case study of using VR/AR in an elementary teachers training

education and training. In general, AR technology is applied in the following key aspects of the education and training process. 282 KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ LẦN THỨ NHẤT VỀ ĐỔI MỚI ĐÀO TẠO GIÁO VIÊN (a) Enhance visualization in teaching and learning With the AR technology, learning content in text, graphics, video, and audio can be overlaid or emerging in the learning environment thus learners can feel and comprehend by using many senses, in different ways. In addition, it also supports the creation of highly interactive learning materials. Textbooks, memory cards, reading materials, etc. contain special “signs” also when these materials are scanned by AR devices, it will generate additional information in multimedia format. When using smartphones installed AR apps, learners can interact with textbooks that containing “AR signs” in many different ways. (b) Improve the effectiveness of using simulation In university and college, especially for engineering and technology, simulation is always considered an effective method for both learning and research. Normally learners only use simulation software on computers. Nowadays, students can use AR is a very effective technology that enables students to improve their knowledge and skills, especially with complex theories and structures of machine systems. With actual models and additional computer-generated features, learners can interact, manipulate models in a “very real” way. This is a proactive, active learning process in which learners will learn how to learn with technology. (c) Support collaborative activities One of the most important goals of the educational environment is to promote social interaction among learners in the same physical space. AR technology has allowed many users to share the common learning environment created by objects, virtual learning materials, interact with each other in the same conditions, while still keeping contact with them in the real world. This technique is particularly useful for teaching purposes when learners are at the same place and can use natural communication tools (through words, gestures... ), but can still be “immersed” completely in a virtual space. (d) Support fully e-learning, m-learning (mobile learning) courses AR technology has been also applied in teaching subjects such as chemistry, mathematics, biology, physics, astronomy, AR applications on mobile devices (Smart phones, tablets) are increasingly used in the classroom. Many applications are designed to create engaging learning environments and transform learning experiences. 3.4 Application Augmented Reality in Teaching and Learning The development of teaching facilities based on AR technology is conducted in the following process of developing didactic media that includes: Step 1: Forming ideas This is an important step before building the script. Based on other factors of the teaching process: goals, methods, content, teaching objects... we will decide what teaching 283Phần 2: ỨNG DỤNG CÔNG NGHỆ TRONG GIÁO DỤC facilities to use (in this case is a practical application strengthen), from that point we will get the initial idea about the application. Step 2: Develop didactical scenarios In this step the didactical purpose, teaching objects, teaching plans, intended use situations will be described more fully. Step 3: Design objects of the application Objects in application will be detailed in terms of attributes such as: location, image, size, weight, temperature, motion at times... Some properties may not be important and will be eliminated. The design of the objects is like an animated script with descriptions of images and defined movements of the objects. Step 4: Design the activities of the objects The design of the object’s activities is to describe certain rules of movement when an event occurs as an appropriate condition occurs to activate the movement of the object. This condition may be caused by the virtual environment’s movements themselves or it may be due to the user interaction. Step 5: Select development tools Based on the requirements of the scenario and hardware system characteristics, the development tool will be selected Step 6: Simulation of objects in 3D This step will use the development tool to build the panoramic virtual environment including all objects. In this step, the virtual world was originally formed. Step 7: Simulation of virtual object display based on real object This step will build the display of virtual objects based on the location of the real object. The position of the virtual object will be assigned in a fixed position on the real object. Step 8: Compile application Compile and run on the corresponding devices such as smartphones, tablets Based on our literature research, we found that there are two possibilities when applying AR in teaching and learning. (1) The first possibility is to use the available AR applications. Currently there are many AR applications available, especially AR applications on mobile devices, we can download from the app store like Apple Store (iOS) or Google Play (for Android) and use. However, with this ability, there are also two problems: - Cost: many applications can be downloaded for free but we have to pay for materials - The second problem is the relevance of these applications to teaching and learning situations. For example, this coloring application you can play with your children at home 284 KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ LẦN THỨ NHẤT VỀ ĐỔI MỚI ĐÀO TẠO GIÁO VIÊN but not sure they are suitable for class sessions because the lessons are designed with clear goals, content, methods (2) The second possibility is that we ourselves develop AR applications for the teaching process. However, with this ability we will also encounter difficulties as following: -Funding: the cost of developing a complete AR application system is not cheap -Likelihood of success is unsure. Conclusion: In the world that we currently live in, technology integrates in many facets of life, included education sector. Educational technology can be considered as the use of technology for designing instruction or training used to improve education. It should facilitate learning processes and increase performance of the educational system. In this paper, after describing some characteristics of learning and teaching in elementary schools and giving an overview of educational technology, we explained how to apply educational technology in this first education level. Finally, using VR/AF in an elementary teachers training is presented as a case study of EdTech for children learning. Some information about Augmented Reality, its application in learning and teaching and process of developing teaching facilities based on AR technology will encourage elementary teachers to apply this advanced technology in their practice. 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